Lessons 19, 21, 26: Receiving, causing, passive: 受, 使得, 给, 为……所……

Explanation

Structure

1. 1
   受(到)+Nnoun

   In a positive sense it is "接受" (to receive, to get); in a negative sense it is "遭受" or "忍受" (to suffer, to endure).

   • 这本书很受农民的欢迎。

     Zhè běn shū hěn shòu nóngmín de huānyíng.

     This book is very popular with farmers.

   • 他从小就受到了很好的教育。

     Tā cóngxiǎo jiù shòudàole hěn hǎo de jiàoyù.

     He has received a very good education since he was a child.

   • 她被自行车撞了，腿受了伤。

     Tā bèi zìxíngchē zhuàng le, tuǐ shòule shāng.

     She was hit by a bicycle and hurt her leg.

   • 这儿的冬天冷得真让人受不了。

     Zhèr de dōngtiān lěng de zhēn ràng rén shòu bu liǎo.

     The winters here are so cold that they're unbearable.

   • 说心里话，我对人性是有些失望的，尤其是在工作上受到歧视时。

     Shuō xīnlǐhuà, wǒ duì rénxìng shì yǒuxiē shīwàng de, yóuqí shì zài gōngzuò shàng shòudào qíshì shí.

     To be honest, I was a bit disappointed in human nature, especially when I was discriminated against at work.

2. 2
   Nguyên nhân+使得+kiêm ngữ+Vverb

   (A plan, words, a way of speaking, a thing) leads to a certain result; it must take a pivotal object.

   • 改革开放使得中国发生了很大的变化。

     Gǎigé kāifàng shǐde Zhōngguó fāshēngle hěn dà de biànhuà.

     Reform and opening up have brought about huge changes in China.

   • 一场大雨使得河水升高了很多。

     Yì chǎng dàyǔ shǐde héshuǐ shēnggāole hěn duō.

     A heavy rain made the river rise a lot.

   • 这次事故使得交通中断了两个多小时。

     Zhè cì shìgù shǐde jiāotōng zhōngduànle liǎng gè duō xiǎoshí.

     This accident interrupted traffic for more than two hours.

   • 事后，同事的不满使得单位领导不得不重新考虑，我到底适合不适合继续在这儿工作。

     Shìhòu, tóngshì de bùmǎn shǐde dānwèi lǐngdǎo bùdébù chóngxīn kǎolǜ, wǒ dàodǐ shìhé bú shìhé jìxù zài zhèr gōngzuò.

     Afterward, my colleagues' dissatisfaction left the head of the unit with no choice but to reconsider whether I was really suited to keep working here.

3. 3
   Ssubject+把/叫+…+给+Vverb

   "给" is used before the predicate verb to emphasize the tone.

   • 我把这件事给忘了。

     Wǒ bǎ zhè jiàn shì gěi wàng le.

     I forgot about this.

   • 那个花盆叫孩子踢球时给踢破了。

     Nàge huāpén jiào háizi tī qiú shí gěi tīpò le.

     That flowerpot was broken by a child kicking a ball.

   • 这块表叫我给摔坏了。

     Zhè kuài biǎo jiào wǒ gěi shuāihuài le.

     This watch was dropped and broken by me.

   • 谁知回到报社，我的几个朋友却把我的好心情给搅了。

     Shéi zhī huídào bàoshè, wǒ de jǐ gè péngyou què bǎ wǒ de hǎo xīnqíng gěi jiǎo le.

     Who would have thought that when I got back to the newspaper office, a few friends would spoil my good mood.

4. 4
   A+为/被+B+所optional+Vverb

   Meaning E of "为": 被 (by), used with "所" in passive sentences (为……所 + V).

   • 她为这个故事所感动，想把它改成电影。

     Tā wèi zhège gùshi suǒ gǎndòng, xiǎng bǎ tā gǎichéng diànyǐng.

     She was moved by this story and wanted to turn it into a film.

   • 我被梁山伯和祝英台的故事深深感动了。

     Wǒ bèi Liáng Shānbó hé Zhù Yīngtái de gùshi shēnshēn gǎndòng le.

     I was deeply moved by the story of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai.

5. 5
   为+Nnoun+A. 作为/充当 B. 变成/成为 C. 做/干 D. 是optional

   Meanings of "为": A. 作为，充当，算作 (to serve as, to act as, to count as); B. 变成，成为 (to become, to turn into); C. 做，干 (to do); D. 是 (to be).

   • 他们在杭州草桥结拜为兄弟。

     Tāmen zài Hángzhōu Cǎoqiáo jiébài wéi xiōngdì.

     They became sworn brothers at Caoqiao Bridge in Hangzhou.

   • 大家选他为班长。

     Dàjiā xuǎn tā wéi bānzhǎng.

     Everyone elected him class monitor.

   • 要以课文为主，通过课文学习词语的用法。

     Yào yǐ kèwén wéi zhǔ, tōngguò kèwén xuéxí cíyǔ de yòngfǎ.

     You should take the text as the main focus and learn how to use words through the text.

   • 梁山伯和祝英台最后化为一对蝴蝶。

     Liáng Shānbó hé Zhù Yīngtái zuìhòu huà wéi yí duì húdié.

     Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai finally turned into a pair of butterflies.

   • 一个人一生中，有所不为才能有所为。

     Yí gè rén yìshēng zhōng, yǒusuǒ bù wéi cái néng yǒusuǒ wéi.

     In a person's life, there are some things that you must not do if you want to accomplish something.

   • 中国大陆总面积为960多万平方公里，海洋总面积为470多万平方公里。

     Zhōngguó dàlù zǒng miànjī wéi jiǔbǎi liùshí duō wàn píngfāng gōnglǐ, hǎiyáng zǒng miànjī wéi sìbǎi qīshí duō wàn píngfāng gōnglǐ.

     The total area of mainland China is more than 9.6 million square kilometers, and the total area of its seas is more than 4.7 million square kilometers.