Lessons 19, 20, 23: Relying on, through, suiting: 凭, 通过, 适合

Explanation

Structure

1. 1
   凭+N / V / cụm chủ vị

   A (verb): to rely on; can take a noun, a verb, or a subject-predicate phrase as its object. B (preposition): based on, on the strength of.

   • 考上考不上，凭的是知识和才能，不是衣服。

     Kǎo shàng kǎo bu shàng, píng de shì zhīshi hé cáinéng, bú shì yīfu.

     Whether you pass the exam depends on knowledge and ability, not on clothes.

   • 这次汉语节目表演的成功，全凭大家的努力。

     Zhè cì Hànyǔ jiémù biǎoyǎn de chénggōng, quán píng dàjiā de nǔlì.

     The success of this Chinese-language performance was entirely thanks to everyone's efforts.

   • 要想学好外语，全凭刻苦记忆和反复练习，没有别的方法。

     Yào xiǎng xuéhǎo wàiyǔ, quán píng kèkǔ jìyì hé fǎnfù liànxí, méiyǒu bié de fāngfǎ.

     If you want to learn a foreign language well, you depend entirely on diligent memorization and repeated practice; there is no other way.

   • 凭着几年的刻苦努力，他终于考上了大学。

     Píngzhe jǐ nián de kèkǔ nǔlì, tā zhōngyú kǎoshàngle dàxué.

     Thanks to several years of hard work, he finally got into university.

   • 要得第一名，不能凭运气。

     Yào dé dì-yī míng, bù néng píng yùnqi.

     If you want to win first place, you can't rely on luck.

   • 请大家把票拿出来，凭票入场。

     Qǐng dàjiā bǎ piào ná chūlái, píng piào rùchǎng.

     Please take out your tickets; only those with tickets may enter.

   • 你凭什么让他进去，不让我进去？

     Nǐ píng shénme ràng tā jìnqù, bú ràng wǒ jìnqù?

     On what grounds do you let him in but not me?

2. 2
   通过+nơi chốn | 通过+phương tiện/cách thức+Vverb

   A (verb): to go from one end/side to the other; takes an object of place. B (preposition): introduces the medium or means of an action; can be used before the subject.

   • 从这儿到那儿去，必须通过这座桥。

     Cóng zhèr dào nàr qù, bìxū tōngguò zhè zuò qiáo.

     To get from here to there, you must cross this bridge.

   • 新时代网校不是只学电脑，而是通过电脑，在多媒体的环境下，学习各种现代科学文化知识。

     Xīn Shídài wǎngxiào bú shì zhǐ xué diànnǎo, ér shì tōngguò diànnǎo, zài duōméitǐ de huánjìng xià, xuéxí gèzhǒng xiàndài kēxué wénhuà zhīshi.

     The New Era Online School isn't just about learning computers; rather, through computers, in a multimedia environment, you learn all kinds of modern scientific and cultural knowledge.

   • 两国领导人通过翻译谈了一个多小时。

     Liǎng guó lǐngdǎorén tōngguò fānyì tánle yí ge duō xiǎoshí.

     The leaders of the two countries talked for more than an hour through an interpreter.

   • 通过半年多的学习，我已经能用汉语跟中国人谈话了。

     Tōngguò bàn nián duō de xuéxí, wǒ yǐjīng néng yòng Hànyǔ gēn Zhōngguórén tánhuà le.

     After more than half a year of study, I can now talk with Chinese people in Chinese.

   • 通过小田的介绍我认识了小张。

     Tōngguò Xiǎo Tián de jièshào wǒ rènshile Xiǎo Zhāng.

     Through Xiao Tian's introduction, I got to know Xiao Zhang.

3. 3
   适合+N / 代词 / V / cụm chủ vị

   Fits the actual situation or an objective requirement; can take a noun, pronoun, verb, or subject-predicate phrase; can take 了; can be modified by a degree adverb such as 很; cannot be reduplicated.

   • 学生可以按照自己的意愿，随心所欲地选择适合自己程度的教材和自己喜欢的教师。

     Xuésheng kěyǐ ànzhào zìjǐ de yìyuàn, suíxīn-suǒyù de xuǎnzé shìhé zìjǐ chéngdù de jiàocái hé zìjǐ xǐhuan de jiàoshī.

     Students can, as they wish, freely choose the textbooks that suit their level and the teachers they like.

   • 这个菜很适合我的口味。

     Zhège cài hěn shìhé wǒ de kǒuwèi.

     This dish suits my taste very well.

   • 这儿的气候不适合种这种花。

     Zhèr de qìhòu bú shìhé zhòng zhè zhǒng huā.

     The climate here is not suitable for growing this kind of flower.

   • 这本书适合不适合学生的水平？

     Zhè běn shū shìhé bu shìhé xuésheng de shuǐpíng?

     Is this book suitable for the students' level?