Lessons 2, 4, 8, 9: How to use 靠, 表示 and 分别

Explanation

Structure

1. 1
   靠+Nnoun+Vverboptional

   A. To rely on, depend on.

   • 中国人常说“在家靠父母，出门靠朋友”，我现在交了好多朋友。

     Zhōngguórén cháng shuō “zài jiā kào fùmǔ, chūmén kào péngyou”, wǒ xiànzài jiāo le hǎo duō péngyou.

     Chinese people often say “at home you rely on your parents, away from home you rely on friends”; now I have many friends.

   • 父母死得很早，他能上到大学，全靠学校和国家的帮助。

     Fùmǔ sǐ de hěn zǎo, tā néng shàngdào dàxué, quán kào xuéxiào hé guójiā de bāngzhù.

     His parents died early, and he was able to go to university entirely thanks to the help of the school and the state.

   • 我们一家全靠父亲的工资生活。

     Wǒmen yì jiā quán kào fùqin de gōngzī shēnghuó.

     Our whole family lives entirely on Dad's salary.

2. 2
   靠+nơi chốn / 靠着+Nnoun

   B. Near or right up against some place.

   • 我的家乡，前边临着一条河，后边靠着一座小山，是有名的风景区。

     Wǒ de jiāxiāng, qiánbian línzhe yì tiáo hé, hòubian kàozhe yí zuò xiǎoshān, shì yǒumíng de fēngjǐngqū.

     My hometown has a river in front and leans against a small hill behind; it is a famous scenic area.

   • 屋子里，靠墙放着一张桌子。

     Wūzi li, kào qiáng fàngzhe yì zhāng zhuōzi.

     In the room, a table is placed against the wall.

3. 3
   靠+在 / 着+người / vật

   C. A person or thing leaning on another person or thing.

   • 别靠在我身上。

     Bié kào zài wǒ shēnshang.

     Don't lean on me.

   • 他靠着沙发睡着了。

     Tā kàozhe shāfā shuìzháo le.

     He leaned against the sofa and fell asleep.

4. 4
   向+người+表示+N / V+表示+ý nghĩa

   A–B. To express thoughts, feelings, or attitudes; or to indicate a meaning.

   • 朋友们知道我考了第一名，都向我表示祝贺。

     Péngyoumen zhīdào wǒ kǎo le dì yī míng, dōu xiàng wǒ biǎoshì zhùhè.

     My friends learned that I got first place on the exam and all congratulated me.

   • 我送给老师一张照片，向老师表示感谢。

     Wǒ sòng gěi lǎoshī yì zhāng zhàopiàn, xiàng lǎoshī biǎoshì gǎnxiè.

     I gave the teacher a photo to express my thanks to him.

   • 点头表示同意。

     Diǎntóu biǎoshì tóngyì.

     Nodding indicates agreement.

   • 送你玫瑰花表示对你的爱。

     Sòng nǐ méiguihuā biǎoshì duì nǐ de ài.

     Giving you roses shows my love for you.

5. 5

   有什么表示 / 友好的表示 (表示 là danh từ)

   C. Words, actions, or expressions that show feelings.

   • 你说了以后，他有什么表示？

     Nǐ shuō le yǐhòu, tā yǒu shénme biǎoshì?

     After you spoke, did he show any reaction?

   • 她这样做是友好的表示。

     Tā zhèyàng zuò shì yǒuhǎo de biǎoshì.

     What she did is a sign of friendliness.

6. 6
   分别+V (trạng ngữ)

   Each person / each task is done separately; handle each situation separately.

   • 我们十八个学生分别来自十一个国家。

     Wǒmen shíbā ge xuésheng fēnbié láizì shíyī ge guójiā.

     The eighteen of us students come from eleven countries respectively.

   • 对不同情况，应该分别对待。

     Duì bù tóng qíngkuàng, yīnggāi fēnbié duìdài.

     For different situations, each case should be handled separately.

   • 王老师和林老师分别找她俩谈了话，现在她俩的关系好多了。

     Wáng lǎoshī hé Lín lǎoshī fēnbié zhǎo tā liǎ tán le huà, xiànzài tā liǎ de guānxi hǎo duō le.

     Mr. Wang and Ms. Lin talked with the two of them separately, and now their relationship is much better.

7. 7

   分别 (động từ: chia tay) / 分别 (danh từ: sự khác biệt)

   C. Besides being an adverbial, 分别 can also be a verb or a noun.

   • 我们分别已经一年了。

     Wǒmen fēnbié yǐjīng yì nián le.

     We parted a year ago.

   • 要注意“已”和“己”这两个汉字的分别。

     Yào zhùyì “yǐ” hé “jǐ” zhè liǎng ge Hànzì de fēnbié.

     You need to pay attention to the difference between the two characters “已” and “己”.