Lesson 17: Expressing the result of an action: extended meanings of directional complements (起来, 出来, 下去, 下来)

Explanation

Structure

1. 1
   Vverb+起来

   Begin and continue; 想起来: remember, recall.

   • 她说得大家都笑起来了。

     Tā shuō de dàjiā dōu xiàoqǐlai le.

     What she said made everyone burst out laughing.

   • 刚才还是晴天，突然下起雨来了。

     Gāngcái hái shì qíngtiān, tūrán xiàqǐ yǔ lái le.

     It was sunny just now, and suddenly it started to rain.

   • 我想起来了，这个地方我们来过。

     Wǒ xiǎng qǐlai le, zhège dìfang wǒmen láiguo.

     I remember now; we've been to this place.

   • 笑起来、下起来、打起来、跑起来、开展起来

     Xiào qǐ lái, xià qǐ lái, dǎ qǐ lái, pǎo qǐ lái, kāi zhǎn qǐ lái

     start laughing, start raining, start fighting, start running, get going

   • 我们在一起学习过，但是她叫什么名字我想不起来了。

     Wǒ men zài yì qǐ xué xí guò, dàn shì tā jiào shén me míng zì wǒ xiǎng bù qǐ lái le.

     We studied together before, but I can't remember her name anymore.

   • 想起来了，我把钥匙放在提包里了。

     Xiǎng qǐ lái le, wǒ bǎ yào shi fàng zài tí bāo lǐ le.

     Now I remember, I left the keys in my handbag.

   • 我想不起来把那本书借给谁了。

     Wǒ xiǎng bù qǐ lái bǎ nà běn shū jiè gěi shuí le.

     I can't remember who I lent that book to.

2. 2
   Vverb+出来

   Recognize; bring something from nothing / from vague to clear. 想出来: come up with a new idea.

   • 这道题我做出来了。

     Zhè dào tí wǒ zuò chūlai le.

     I've worked this one out.

   • 我看出来了，这是王老师写的字。

     Wǒ kàn chūlai le, zhè shì Wáng lǎoshī xiě de zì.

     I recognize it now; this is Teacher Wang's handwriting.

   • 他想出来了一个办法。

     Tā xiǎng chūlai le yí ge bànfǎ.

     He came up with a way.

   • A：这是什么茶你喝得出来吗？B：我喝不出来。

     A: Zhè shì shénme chá nǐ hē de chūlai ma? B: Wǒ hē bu chūlai.

     A: Can you taste what kind of tea this is? B: I can't tell.

   • 听出来、看出来、喝出来、洗出来、画出来、写出来

     Tīng chū lái, kàn chū lái, hē chū lái, xǐ chū lái, huà chū lái, xiě chū lái

     make out by hearing, spot, taste (and identify), develop (photos), draw out, write out

   • 我们照的照片洗出来了。

     Wǒ men zhào de zhào piān xǐ chū lái le.

     The photos we took have been developed.

   • A：我们怎么办呢？B：我也想不出办法来。

     A: Wǒ men zěn me bàn ne? B: Wǒ yě xiǎng bù chū bàn fǎ lái.

     A: What shall we do? B: I can't think of a way, either.

   • A：我怎么办呢，你能帮我想出一个好办法吗？B：我也想不出好办法。

     A: Wǒ zěn me bàn ne, nǐ néng bāng wǒ xiǎng chū yí gè hǎo bàn fǎ ma? B: Wǒ yě xiǎng bù chū hǎo bàn fǎ.

     A: What should I do? Can you help me think of a good way? B: I can't think of a good way, either.

3. 3
   Vverb+下去

   An action in progress continues.

   • 明年，我还想继续在这儿学下去。

     Míngnián, wǒ hái xiǎng jìxù zài zhèr xuéxiàqu.

     Next year I still want to keep studying here.

   • 让他说下去。

     Ràng tā shuōxiàqu.

     Let him go on talking.

   • 学下去、说下去、读下去、做下去、干下去、住下去

     Xué xià qù, shuō xià qù, dú xià qù, zuò xià qù, gàn xià qù, zhù xià qù

     keep studying, keep talking, keep reading, keep doing, keep working on, keep staying

   • 这件事我们准备坚持做下去。

     Zhè jiàn shì wǒ men zhǔn bèi jiān chí zuò xià qù.

     We plan to keep at this work.

4. 4
   Vverb+下来

   Fix something in place; or continue from the past to the present.

   • 我已经把他的地址和电话号码记下来了。

     Wǒ yǐjīng bǎ tā de dìzhǐ hé diànhuà hàomǎ jìxiàlai le.

     I've written down his address and phone number.

   • 应该把这儿的风景照下来。

     Yīnggāi bǎ zhèr de fēngjǐng zhàoxiàlai.

     We should take photos of the scenery here.

   • 后来因为忙，我没有坚持下来。

     Hòulái yīnwèi máng, wǒ méiyǒu jiānchí xiàlai.

     Later, because I was busy, I couldn't keep it up to the end.

   • 记下来、写下来、照下来、画下来、拍下来、坚持下来

     Jì xià lái, xiě xià lái, zhào xià lái, huà xià lái, pāi xià lái, jiān chí xià lái

     write down, write down, photograph, draw, photograph, can keep at it

   • 请大家把黑板上的句子记下来。

     Qǐng dà jiā bǎ hēi bǎn shàng de jù zi jì xià lái.

     Please copy down the sentences on the board.