定语和结构助词“的”
Lessons 6, 12: Attributives and the structural particle "的"
When 的 must be added after an attributive that modifies a noun.
Hanyu textbook · Hanyu 1 · Lesson 6 · Hanyu 1 · Lesson 12
我的老师是王老师。
My teacher is Teacher Wang.
Explanation
An element that modifies a noun or noun phrase is called an attributive. The role of an attributive is to modify and to limit. Within a phrase, the attributive goes before the noun; within a sentence, it goes before the subject or object of the sentence. The structural particle "的" must be placed after the attributive and is the formal marker of an attributive.
(1) When a noun or pronoun serves as an attributive and expresses possession or belonging, "的" must be added.
(2) When an adjective phrase (很 + adjective) serves as an attributive, "的" must be added after it.
(3) Sometimes the structural particle "的" is not needed between the attributive and the head word.
Structure
- Danh từ / đại từ (sở hữu, sở thuộc)的danh từ
Expressing possession or belonging: 的 must be added.
我的书
my book
他的词典
his dictionary
老师的本子
the teacher's notebook
图书馆的书
the library's book
他们的老师
their teacher
玛丽的同学
Mary's classmate
谁是你的老师？我的老师是王老师。
Who is your teacher? My teacher is Teacher Wang.
她是玛丽的同学。
She is Mary's classmate.
这是图书馆的书。
This is a library book.
- 很hình dung từ的danh từ
When an adjective phrase serves as an attributive, 的 must be added.
很好的同学
a very good classmate
很好的老师
a very good teacher
很旧的词典
a very old dictionary
很新的本子
a very new notebook
- Định ngữdanh từ (không có 的)
Sometimes 的 is not needed between the attributive and the head word.
男同学
male classmate
女同学
female classmate
中文书
Chinese book
世界地图
world map
Practice
23 questions in 2 sets. One at a time, checked instantly, with explanations.